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Air Pollution

Air pollution is the contamination of the air we breathe, indoors or outdoors, by any chemical, physical or biological agent that is potentially threatening to human and ecosystem health. The pollutants with the most robust evidence for public health concern include particulate matter (PM), ozone (O₃), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) and sulfur dioxide (SO₂) and carbon monoxide (CO). The health risks associated with PM smaller than or equal to 2.5 microns (µm) in diameter (PM₂.₅) are of particular public health relevance. PM₂.₅ and PM₁₀ are capable of penetrating deep into the lungs and PM₂.₅ can even enter the bloodstream, primarily resulting in cardiovascular and respiratory impacts. In 2013, outdoor air pollution and PM were classified as carcinogenic by WHO’s International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Air pollution originates from numerous sources of emission, both natural and anthropogenic (resulting from human activity). The main sources of anthropogenic air pollution can vary ge
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Importance of Mental health

Essay on Importance of Mental Health ( 300 Words) Gandhiji once said, "Health is real wealth and not pieces of gold and silver". This statement indicates the importance of health in our life. People usually focus on their physical health and ignore the fitness of the mind. But the fact is that mental health is just as important as physical health. We can control our life because of our highly developed minds. Hence, it becomes very important for us to keep our body and mind fit and healthy for better performance and results. There are many factors that have a great impact on our fitness levels such as depression, aggression, negative thinking, hopelessness and fear. A mentally healthy person is always in a good mood and can easily manage situations of distress and depression. Mental fitness means having positivity in emotions and thinking which improves our ability to enjoy life. It is a positive word and leaves negative thoughts coming into our minds. The term mental fitness

An Analysis : Constitutional Protection Against Ex -post facto law

An Analysis: Constitutional Protection Against Ex-Post Facto Laws By Komal  Fundamental Rights are those that are necessary or fundamental for a person's welfare. The Part III of the Indian Constitution's Fundamental Rights guarantees civil rights so that all Indians can enjoy peaceful and harmonious lives as Indian citizens. The rights to constitutional remedies for the protection of civil rights through the use of writs like habeas corpus are among them. These include individual rights that are shared by the majority of liberal democracies, such as equality before the law, freedom of speech and expression, the right to peaceful assembly and association, and the freedom to practise one's religion. Punishments for violating these rights are outlined in the Indian Penal Code and are up to the judge's discretion. Every Indian citizen has the right to enjoy some fundamental human rights for the healthy and harmonious development of their personality. All citizens are entit

Important Amendments in Indian Constitution

First Amendment Act, 1951 The state was empowered to make special provisions for the advancement of socially and backward classes The Ninth Schedule was added Note: Fourth Amendment Act, 1955 included some more Acts in the Ninth Schedule 17th Amendment Act , 1964 included 44 more Acts in the Ninth Schedule 29th Amendment Act, 1972 included two Kerala Acts on land reforms in the Ninth Schedule 34th Amendment Act, 1974 included twenty more land tenure and land reforms acts of various states in the Ninth Schedule Three more grounds of restrictions on Article 19 (1) [Freedom of speech and expression] were added: Public order Friendly relations with foreign states Incitement to an offence Note: Restrictions were made reasonable and justiciable. Introduced the validity of the state’s move to nationalize any business or trade and the same to not be invalid on the grounds of violation of the right to trade and business Second Amendment Act, 1952 The scale of representation in the Lok

Deputy Speaker of Lok Sabha

                                                       Deputy Speaker of Lok Sabha  The Deputy Speaker forms an essential part of the Parliament. He has the same powers unlike the Speaker of the Lok Sabha . Let’s understand who is he and what are his functions in the Parliament . Election   The Deputy Speaker of Lok Sabha is elected by the members of the Lok Sabha just as the speaker of  Lok Sabha is elected.  Order of election  The Deputy Speaker of Lok Sabha is elected after the election of Lok Sabha Speaker . When he plays active role  When the office of Lok Sabha speaker goes vacant , then his role comes into play . He carries the same responsibility as that of a Lok Sabha Speaker. By whom is the election of Deputy Speaker fixed   The election of the Deputy speaker is fixed by the Speaker of Lok Sabha  In what circumstances does his vacate his office   1. When he ceases to be a member of Lok Sabha  2. If he resigns by writing to the Speaker  3. If he is removed by a resolution p

Concept of Judicial Review

                                                                                           Concept of  Judicial Review  Judicial review is the exercise of power by superior courts to test the legality of any governmental/ State action . It is the exertion of the court’s inherent power to determine whether an action is lawful or not and to grant appropriate relief.  This concept is enshrined in our Indian Constitution and also forms a part of the basic structure of constitution ( Keshvananda Bharati v. Union of India , AIR 1973 SC 1461). Art 13 read with articles 32, 226,227 expressly confer this power. It is such a power and that type of jurisdiction that is most frequently and potently involved and exercised. Judicial review is being founded on the concept of limited government. In India it extends to testing the constitutional amendments on the touchstone of basic structure of constitution. Scope of Judicial Review  It can declare any law passed by the state legislatures as null a

20 Interesting Facts about Constitution which one should know

                                        Amazing facts about our CONSTITUTION ( constitution of india in hindi)  1. The first President of India was elected on 24th January, 1950 .  2.  Our national flag was adopted on 22nd July , 1947 . It was designed by Pengali Venkiyah  3. Elephant was adopted as the symbol of Constitutional asssembly .  4. Sir B.N. Rao ( Benegal Narsing Rao) was the legal advisor to the Constituent assembly. 5.  The oldest temporary member of the Constituent assembly was Dr. Sachchidananda Sinha .  6.  Almost 70+ countries were referred before framing the Constitution. 7. Our national anthem was adopted on 24th of January, 1950 . It was composed by Rabindranath Tagore and was originally written in Bengali language.  8. The draft constitution was considered for 114 days. 9. The total expenditure incurred in framing the constitution was around 64 lakhs. 10. S.N . Mukherjee  was the chief draftsman to the Indian Constitution . 11. Our constitution was framed in two